>> you were watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span 3. follow us on twitter at c-span history for upcoming rogue rams and to keep up with the latest history news. >> oliver wendell holmes jr. served in the union army from 1861 to 1864 and he was wounded three times in battle. next, a panel of scholars look at the impact of the civil war on the life of the future supreme court justice, including how his time as a soldier saved his career. supreme court historical society hosted this. >> welcome to the supreme court. it is great to see so many people here for the supreme court historical society's section lacks -- a second lecture of the 2014 government lecture series. 1974ociety was formed in

by chief justice warren burger with the notion of promoting public understanding of the history of the court. it does that in many ways through lectures like these, through the publication three times a year of the journal of supreme court history, and through the acquisition of portraits of the justices for display in the building. i would like to specially thank the society for its efforts to assist my predecessor and the curator's office of obtaining of all 19 of the prior courts which have now been obtained. the officers of the court here, i would like to thank the society for the all the efforts they give to all of us. we are joined by three distinguished scholars for discussion of the civil war and its impact on justice oliver wendell holmes. the moderator of the program will be professor brad snyder.

is an assistant professor of law at the university of wisconsin law school. padis the author of "well- slave." he is currently at work on the society of truth and other progressives that lived in the dupont circle rowhouse and formed a political salon in 19 teens. he has written extensive articles about justice holmes. tonight's analysts are james mcpherson and g. edward white. mcpherson is the george henry davis 86 professor emeritus of united states history at princeton university. he is a noted and award-winning civil war historian. his book was awarded the indisputable award in 1965 and his book received the pulitzer prize in 1988.

he is twice received the lincoln prize. the first time in 1998 for his 2009.nd again in white is the david and mary hairston distinguished professor of law at the virginia law school. .e is the author of 16 books law and american history volume one from the colonial years to the civil war. or chief justice warren. we will have more time for discussion about justice holmes. professor snider, i turn the floor to you. thesem delighted to have

historians here and i will try to get out of the way and let them be the stars of the show. isver wendell holmes fascination to lawyers and historians both on the stories of the civil war and court. was the huge impact of the civil war on his jurisprudence on his life, on his worldview. we are going to have professor mcpherson speak about the war and have professor white speak about him and court. the floor is yours. [applause] everybody.ning, i am looking forward to this discussion. everybody who knows something about oliver wendell holmes jr. is familiar with the famous passage from his memorial in new hampshire in 1884. fortune,ur great

said him in a occasion, our hearts were touched with fire. atwas given to us to learn the outset that life is a profound and passionate thing. we have seen with our own eyes the gold fields, the snowy for us of honor, it is to bear the reports to those who come after us. the fire that touched his heart was of course his service in the civil war two decades before he's to limit the speec -- he delivered the speech. in 1861, he was commissioned as first lieutenant at the 20th volunteer infantry. he rose to captain in his regiment, one of the best in the army of the potomac and one that suffered the fourth highest number of combat deaths in the entire army. beingce came close to

numbered among those dead. from serious wounds he received --the battle in october 82 1861, and antietam in september 1862. , these ofwound shrapnel in his heel let the 1863, appeared less serious at first but required the longest. period before he could return to march 1864. -- to he had transferred to staff duty with general wright. a safer post than an infantry regiment but one that proved more exhausting and dangerous than he anticipated. on one occasion, he was almost captured. at the end of his three years, he mustered out in july 1864 and

enrolled at harvard law school. certainlyuth was touched with fire. his experience in the ward did indeed teach him that life was a profound and perfect -- and passionate thing that could come to an end at any moment. as it happened, however, he lived another 70 -- 72 years after the third of the civil war wounds. during those 72 years, he alluded to his war experiences on several occasions on conversations with friends, but rarely in public. address ins memorial 1884 was his first public reference to the war since shortly after he had been mustered out 20 years earlier. appeared of books about the civil war during his lifetime, but he read almost none of them.

he did not join any of the veterans organizations like the grand army of the republic or the loyal legion of the united states or the 20th massachusetts veterans organization. he did not attend any of the many reunions of soldiers that took place during the postwar decades. he showed little passion or activism toward the issues of nationalism and freedom that motivated his enlistment in 18 and 6 -- in 1861. during his time as a student at harvard college in 1857 to 1861, he had been an abolitionist. he was a distant cousin of wendell phillips. his best friend in college was anwood hollowell,

abolitionist from a philadelphia quaker family. formed as awell bodyguard for phillips in the winter of 1861. together in the 20th massachusetts after graduating from harvard. when hallowell's anti-slavery convictions trumped his quaker pacifism. 1863, hollowell accepted the commission of lieutenant colonel in the new 54th massachusetts infantry, the first black regiment officially organized in the north. totried to persuade holmes take commission as a major in the regiment for together they could help advance the cause of abolition and equal rights. holmes was not interested. hollowell went on to fight in the 54th to command another black regiment to work on behalf

of black rights for the rest of found theand helped naacp 45 years after the end of the civil war. while holmes showed little interest in this cause. holmes and hollowell drifted apart over the years. holmes' circle of close friends included few civil war veterans. if his heart was touched with fire in the early 1860's, the fire appeared to have flickered and gone out in later years. or maybe not. perhaps the flame of commitment to a cause with a capital "c" had been transmitted into week amount of values described as such words as duty, honor, professionalism. at such ated

transformation in his next public reference to the civil war 11 years after his memorial day address when he spoke about the soldiers fate at the ceremony of harvard to award him an honorary degree in 1895. i do not know what his -- he said. i do not know the meaning of the universe. doubt and thef collapse of creeds, there was one thing i do not doubt. that the faith is true and adorable which leads a soldier to throw away his life in obedience to buy big -- blindly accept the duty in a cause he little understands and a plan of campaign he has no notion under tactics of which he does not see the use. the point is not whether he was right about the soldiers lack of

understanding. most civil war soldiers did understand the cause for which they fought and had some understanding the strategy and tactics. nowpoint is that holmes admired the soldiers fate not in an ideological cause, but in duty and honor. 1863, midway through his civil war service, holmes' clos est friend in the army was no longer hollowell, but henry abbott. ideological convictions were 180 degrees contrary to those of hallowell and initially, to those of holmes. abbott was a democrat. almost a copperhead who was contemptuous to abolitionist, blacks, republicans, and abraham

lincoln. at holmes struck up friendship with him that turned into admiration for his extraordinary courage and cool professionalism under fire. soldier, thesuperb best one in an outstanding whose death profoundly perfected -- effective holmes. the example of abbott convinced of characterty consists of doing one job with consistent two end. or to return to his own words -- the highest value is that which leaves a soldier to throw away his life in obedience to blindly

accepted duty. it is beyond my competence to evaluate his traditional philosophy or to trace any hisct relationship with civil war experience and his on thens as a justice massachusetts and then the united states supreme courts. i think i can see a connection between the evolution of his mindset as a soldier from idealism to pragmatism, the connection between that and the famous sentence, first sentence, in his book. has not beenhe law logic, it has been experience. reflectede decisions this pragmatism. allowted a willingness to state legislators or congress to

experiment with legislation that might or might not accomplish his purpose but should not be declared unconstitutional just because it may of violated some principal or prce ecedent. you cannot be categorized or a -- as a liberal or conservative. he did not believe in the effort many reform efforts by many progressives but he did believe in allowing them to make the effort. he was skeptical of some aspects of the new deal, but convinced of the necessity to do something. when president franklin d roosevelt spoke with holmes four days after his inauguration, roosevelt asked him if he had any advice for dealing with the crisis facing the country. war, mr.in a president, holmes replied. i was in a war too. in a war, there is only one rule

-- form your battalions and fight. [applause] >> it is nice for me to be here as well. hahink james mcpherson an excellent summary of his civil war experiences and i will not repeat that. the want to suggest that cumulative experience of the war for holmes with considerable ambivalence. outt of all, he mustered when his initial term of

enlistment expired and he did that after a considerable soul-searching. months before he made the decision, he had written a nortonto charles eliot talking about how he had been asked -- inspired by an account norton had given out to the crusaders. he likened the participation in the war to a crusade on the poor hapless holes of allies world and then ended the letter i saying he planne -- by saying he planned to re-up. letter,ime he wrote the he was to face the last of a series of harrowing experiences. andchancellorsville wilderness campaigns where the

thes he put it, one time, bodies of men laid six feet deep piled up in corpses as he rode his horse on a walk as he put it through the blue line. finally, he comes to the realization that he just can't go back because, among other things, if he does go back, he is not going to be able to go back as an aid in a position that kept him out of the line of fire. , but back into his infantry unit. as he says to his mother, the and noting promotion going to reenlist. is iufficient reason cannot -- i can no longer endure the horrors. he said, i know i can face it

cooly when it is my duty, but me as it would any nervous man. so, he left with a fair amount of guilt. friends had and died. and he had left before the war ended. i think one of the reasons that he does not participate in any any of themonies, veterans and ceremonies, any of the occasions, making a formal remembrance of the war, is that feeling of ambivalence. that is thethink a lament his eyes

asian that he lends it to his reminiscences of the war where he remembers that this was a crusade where he remembers this splendid carelessness this soldier had him throwing his life away for a cause he did not necessarily understand. at the same time, there is a good deal of private pride that he takes and having been in the war -- in having been in the war. in his late years, after the first decade of his service, he realizes he can do the work in a asparatively short time yet a collegial body, he has to wait for his colleagues to catch up with them. hold the court on saturdays during his tenure.

of the assignments for opinions would be dealt out after the conference on saturday. holmes would take is a simon home and produce an opinion approximately by tuesday. he would then ask the chief justice if he could do another one. you would volunteer to do opinions that other justices were struggling with. chief justices had to rein him in because of these tendencies. full ofg able to do the not of work he desired, he writing, correspondence, and in this correspondence was some of his imminent that with some of his incident -- with some of his intimate friends, he would notice a war wounds. and the content of his house were surveyed, two

items turned up. a bedsidem was in table and it was a little, tiny llets.ontaining two bu there was a little memorandum next to the bullets saying these are bullets which were taken from me in the civil war. in the closet of his bedroom were two uniforms. weretwo of the uniforms these are the uniforms i wore during the report -- during the civil war and this is my blood. of secret pride in participating, but there is also an awkward memory which i think explains why he tends to

emphasize in his accounts of the feelingr this soldierly . is onmiration for abbott the other side of himself. thatcognizes in the war one of the things he learned was just because he was perhaps more educated than some people and possibly more intelligent, he was not necessarily a better soldier. indeed, he was a deficient children -- solider. dier. i think it is hazardous to draw much about his judicial career from these experiences. i think these were very

important experiences in his life. to be sure, for much of his life lifejudge, he had another which was extra division -- extrajudicial which involved correspondence and flirtation and anmen and a romance affectionate relationship with his law clerks. loathe to suggest there was much connection of a direct time between his jurisprudence and the civil war experiences. left the army of the potomac in july 1864, he was 23 years old. in the next 18 years, he would be accepted tol, the massachusetts bar, "a law firm -- begin with a law firm,

edit the 12th edition of the rite ataries, and w series of articles and the american log review between the early 1870's and 1880's on a variety of subjects. write the lectures he delivered that became common law. harvard and to the stay there for one year. that theo suddenly harvard law colleagues and faculty, including james bradley er that raised money for a chair for him to take when he joined the faculty. em.consulted none of the, they were thunderstruck and outraged.

and took over 15 years before anyard granted holmes official recognition even though by that time he went on to become an associate judge and chief judge of this agreement judicial court of -- of the supreme judicial court of massachusetts. there was a lot going on in those 18 years between the time he leaves the army and the time he first stepped onto the bench. it is all law. it is a sampling of every professional role the legal profession presents. soimmersion in it that was extensive that on one occasion with a familying any brought with him to the

dinner table one these greenback containing a manuscript that students used to use at the time. he is not a student at this point, he is practicing law. the commentaries and he has in the bag, the manuscript of his editor. henry william james's mother says do you bring that back with you to the table all the time? he says, yes, i do. ae then describes them as to narrow out a hisf beneficial -- friends and colleagues note his intensity.

this is not a trivial pursuit that he is engaging in. the law is very important for him. he struggles with understanding of how to do it as a law student and he finally concluded it is worthy of an intelligent man. so he throws himself into it. what professor james mcpherson described as his i would find it hard to trace that to the civil war experience. with respect to his abolitionism , there was a considerable transformation of his attitude s while he is in service. e says later on his heroes in the war were more on the confederate side.

he admired their courage and he admired their soldierly abilities. he turns down hollowell's offer to join a regimen that would be composed of african-american soldiers, he tells this to henry abbott. writes in a letter saying, i am glad you didn't decide -- worship the shrine of the great -- his record on civil rights issues as a supreme court justice is not exemplary. era inrobably in an which the courts support for civil rights was grudging at best. grudging even less than his colleagues. initialhere was an

enthusiasm for abolitionism, it dissipated in the war. i think the greatest impact of judger on his work as a thischolar comes in double transformation that he the warm the idea of being crusade to admiration of the e of the soldiers fate. scholarshipns to do and be a judge, he begins to intellectual enterprise do something like a solitary hazardous journey. he begins to wrap himself in a cult which is later called a job

sm, the idea that you do your job the best you can and leave it at that. inre is a remarkable passage the addressee makes on the 50th anniversary of the harvard class of 1861 -- 1911, in which he of somethingdience like 70% of that class fought in the war. he is talking about the class and the war. he says, i learned in the regiment and the class to hammer out as solid and compact a piece of work as one could to try to make it first rate and to leave it unadvertised. good encapsulation of

his attitude towards his academic work. did he learn it in the class and the regiment? i think not. or put it another way, i think only in transformation. thank you. [applause] >> my job here is to really try to get this discussion going and keep it from going over 7:00 which i have been instructed. what i am interested in is s as a justice was considered if a loss of the king and people had a field day with his different philosophies. during his war he made his transition from abolitionism to something else. i think there is a disagreement

about what that something else is. professor mcpherson said pragmatism. louis would say skepticism of all ideas. professor white was resisting the idea towards the end that it that was sort of constructive later on and not really what the war taught him at all. in his book, professor white unadvertisedn professional craftsmanship that the wartime. are these competing narratives about holmes' worldview and philosophy? are they contradictory? what narrative dubai most about how the war affected his thinking? i see no inconsistency between the idea of him as a

pragmatism and his jobishness. what he admired more than anything else was a kind of jobessionalism of doing the .ight, getting things right not exactly perfectionism, but whatever works and that seems to me the essence of pragmatism. during muchriends of his life was william james, an architect of the philosophy of pragmatism. --ink this aberration bott, then of ab courage and devotion to duty and really replaced the idea of devotion to a cause es' civil warme'

experience and i think that evolves into pragmatism but then don't see that consistent with what professor white described either. >> i think we are talking about related but different things. i entirely agree that the cult ofjobism is a translation soldiering. gets it fromholmes that but he does not exquisitely technology the connection -- explicitly acknowledge the connection. but, pragmatism. scholars have been tempted to describe him as a pragmatist. i think first that they would have to get over a letter that

he wrote to william james when james published a book on pragmatism. hadiam james and holmes been close in the 1860's. and these are the days in which they were both participants in the metaphysical club. james went abroad to study medicine and came back. he and holmes organized the club. they have a lot of correspondence about philosophy. is very interested in philosophy and, in fact, that is one of the concerns is that -- he has about whether he will ever catch on at law school because it may not be as interesting as philosophical issues are. ones he goes to law school and finally gets immersed in things, he began to separate himself his collegees's and friends generally. he and william james do not have

much contact after that. writes jamesmes that letter, it is not a favorable review. holmes' expression of skepticism about whether the pragmatism does anything as a philosophy. i do not think one could make holmes can make one into brandice. aboutce was all experimentation at the state level. you could probably say in some respect brandice may have embraced pragmatism. there was not a single line at that i have found in holmes' writing that identifies them as a specific pragmatic. i do not think it is consistent

with his temperament. i do not think he is a mr. fix-it guy. i do not think he is a facilitator. he is largely aloof. he is largely detached, independent. he certainly was not much of a player, as that term is used, on the supreme court. he was very affectionately disposed towards his fellow justices but there was really little sense that he is acting like justice brennan or someone enjoying the politics of the institution and trying to persuade people to do, take positions that he would endorse. holmes goes his own way. i realized i perhaps am in a minority. i resist the pragmatic approach. >> i want to go back to the civil war. there has been a recent book

war bythe harvard civil a historian named richard miller. what he showed was the 20th regiment was divided along ideological lines and along other lines. you have these soldiers being harbored in, german troops, and then you had these nantucket ailers and some irish. there was another division beside class between the abolitionists, which holmes was at the beginning, and non-abolitionists led by henry abbott. ideasat change holmes' about class and difference? here someone really befriended a lot of people.

of people ofing all different religions and nationalities. for wanted to know if you thought it had an influence on his acceptance of a lot of different types of people? experience in that regiment certainly democratized his attitudes, social attitudes in many ways. i think he came to admire courage. all of these different groups, the wailing people from nantucket, german-americans from boston, the irish. they demonstrated courage because this was a tough regiment. thehe same time, i think harvard caste of the officers, many of them came from the upper or upper middle they forged a

relationship of respect, indifference. the offices respected their man and the man respected the officers because the officers demonstrated their courage and their skill as leadership. that forced the regiment into such an outstanding regiment. even though one would not originally see this as a promising mix, but it turned out to work very well. i would say that had something to do with holmes' sense of professionalism. as being one of the highest values. >> there was no question that enlists he thinks this is a class contribution. aat he thinks it is a -- in part of him and his colleagues

at harvard to go out and fight for this particular cause. that is why the term chivalry comes up. this is the 19th century version of knights of the round table in his consciousness. i agree that the experience of the regiment -- it sticks in my craw a little bit to use the term democratizing in connection with holmes. it is hard to think of him as a democrat. r ins the author of a lette which he says he hates the thick fingered clowns who are the people. as i said earlier, he recognizes there are people from this regiment from different backgrounds, from less this thing was backgrounds that are

better soldiers. they deal better with the stresses of war than he is. i think that is important. thisrespect to his, again, is a label people associate with him -- tolerance. with respective his tolerance, he hadften cited that close friendships with people who were jewish or who were chinese. i have a couple of things to say about that. first, he clearly has a love-hate relationship with his own sorts in boston. ofn he goes on to the court massachusetts, he writes of some opinions that are not regarded from the point of view of some of the scholar to citizens of boston as appropriate. intellectualle too .

senator a quote from a who opposes his nomination. tois trying to strategy bypass the senator who was the senior senator from massachusetts when henry cabot and theodore roosevelt decided to appoint holmes to the court. date is go ahead and do it. at this point the senator cannot oppose holmes. he is the supreme judge of the court of massachusetts. how was the senator of massachusetts going to say no? the senator write a letter and says, i think there are a lot of in theak timber massachusetts bar. carving a judge out of ornamental ivory would be

better. famousre was the correspondence between addison, the philanthropist, after the holmes runs into addison and addison says, i read your speech and i do not like it. it is bad politics. there was a sense captured in a that heolmes writes believes solid citizens of boston thinks he is just not reliable. that he is too intellectual. that he is too ornamental. he resents this. with the exception

of a few, he does not have intimate friends from this group. after heate friends goes on the supreme judicial court of massachusetts fall into two categories. where he is women just enjoys. maybe there have been some flirtations earlier in their lives but now they are just friends. he has long correspondence with women. are people that he has intellectual engagement with, intellectual affinity. he does not care who you are. if you write him and you show evidence of that you paid attention to issues that he is interested in, and whether you are john h. woo or louis

whether or frederick pollock, holmes is happy to engage with you. he is happy to talk about anything that interests him. -- this is anot different kind of intimacy. it is very structured. it is the intimacy of the correspondence relationship. ky,re is this story about las many years younger than home. lmes. they are 40 years younger than him. holmes has taken to lasky and laksy send him books and they exchange letters. years, six years into the correspondence, lasky proposes that they call each other by their first names.

they have been writing as my dear, holmes. he sends him a letter and calls them harold. holmes sends back my dear, lasky. [laughter] that is all i will say. >> we are remiss we didn't talk about homes and stevens -- holmes stevens. fort with at the president lincoln when the troops were approaching washington, d.c. equal to about calling him a damn fool. >> president lincoln was at fort stevens on july 11. over the parapet wall the bullets were flying. some soldier told him to get

down. he may have said it, get down, you fool or you damn fool. we know somebody did because lincoln told john hey about it that evening that some soldier had roughly told them to get down. hay recorded in his diary. wason't know whether holmes there on the 11th. we know he was there on the next day and lincoln was there. on this occasion, general wright told lincoln to get down. i would like to believe that it was holmes on the 11th that the lincoln to get down, but we do not know that for sure. would younow, ted, think about this. i suspect it was probably someone else but i wish it was holmes. >> i have reason to doubt that it was holmes for two reasons.

his closeked to friends about his experiences at the civil war. he spoke to his law clerks. when he would remember the days he would sometimes make other allusions to things and he did write a letter that demonstrates, as jim has said, that he was at fort stevens when lincoln was there. he actually mentions the fact that lincoln was there. he says nothing about any incident involving people -- somebody telling lincoln to get down, you fool. that is a little curious. being was very far from

someone who wanted to embellish his participation in things. if he had on that occasion said get down, you fool, to lincoln, he would've simply set it that he did that. he would not have advertised it prominently but he would've mentioned it at some point in his life and he never did. the other thing is the source of the story was harold lasky. notorious embellish er. no other account or sourc for this storye. i am inclined to put this one in the same category as the story

that when daniel webster made his argument in the dartmouth college case there was tears and john marshall's eyes. it is a good story and somebody tells it at some point in the history of writing up these incidents and it is too good and for people not to repeat. >> before we go, i wanted to talk about his views about likeln because it seems ambivalents holmes about the war after his experience, but he was also ambivalent about lincoln. when people ask him about lincoln later on, he didn't really put lincoln in the great man category. i am curious to why you think that. >> i do not know the answer to that question. i have been curious as well.

i think he did vote for lincoln in 1864, there is no doubt about that. he did not in 1860 because he could not vote. hat hee quite right t never really expressed the kind of reverence for lincoln or profound respect for his leadership that one might have thought his father did. d something to do with the skepticism in which you were murdered as he emerged which hewar -- in emerged from the war about everything. it still does puzzle me. war withes out of the a very strong sense of what a me ss the campaigns were.

really the experience of the army of the potomac would've confirmed that. for a long time in his service, tois waiting trying to get the virginia northern neck area in two different efforts to invade richmond. he sees people randomly shot. he gets randomly shot. he sees people run to the death order. a wrong he never has any sense of what the general plan of the war is so you may have associated link in with the strategist of the war and thought it was pretty much of a mess and partly blame the lincoln. he is not an abolitionist after the war. he has a much more ambivalent attitude towards the confederates and the returning confederates. lionizeicular reason to

lincoln. that was not his style. he wrote a lot of affectionate tributes to people on their deaths or remembering them and said some nice things about his but praise was not strong suit. i can see he had an attitude towards linking of increasing detachment. holmes himself- was the son of a very famous father at the time. -- father catalyzed capitalize by writing a very famous story. i know you can make too much of the story and his struggle to escape his father's shadow.

this createdthat an estrangement between him and his father? or maybe put a distance between his father who was an ardent abolitionist before and after the war and holmes was not? >> it could well be. es' referred to holme' love-hate relationship between his colleagues in college. i think he probably did have this ambivalent relationship with his father. on the one hand, it was a close relationship, but on the other hand, clearly, an ambitious young man will try to escape from the shadow of a very prominent bother, especially since he is moving into a different kind of profession. >> i know you've written a lot

about this but i want to take your take on this because you cannot really talk about him during the war without talking about his relationship with his father. >> first of all, the generation -- his fatherrents was not an abolitionist at the time the war broke out so in some ways his group was making a statement by enlisting. resented theholmes article. if you can imagine the circumstances, he is in his wound, he is returning to the battle, his father comes down to meet him and then writes says hele in which --he writes about a trip with his son.

did notholmes appreciate that. going into law was a way of distancing himself from his father. >> i think you offer coming. this has been a remarkable panel with two remarkable people. please, give them a round of applause. [applause] >> the civil war airs here every saturday at six and 10 p.m. eastern time. to watch more about the civil war, go to our website. you were watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span 3. was of thency adams second adam's to be elected to the white house. he was the second northerner to

be elected. he was only one of two anti-slavery presidents to be elected to the white house. his houeeply feared at se that worried that his vision of a unified country in which the federal government and the were part of a relationship that enable the federal government to play a leading role in by name and country together through infrastructure projects, supporting manufacturers and so on. -- he was police is legally suspected of the southern states that he wanted to much power for the federal government. >> the life of our six president, john quincy adams,

sunday night at eight eastern and >> next, author corey recko turns the life and death of timothy webster. he was renowned as the union's top spy. he was the first spy executed during the war. the museum of the confederacy hosted the event. it is about 45 minutes. to welcome like everybody to our book talk. the managerancock, of programs here at the museum of the confederacy. we do a number of different talks throughout the year. we have a brown bag lunch series that takes place on the third friday of the month. keep those options in mind. i am here to introduce to you corey recko. his first